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1984
ABOUT THE NOVEL & NOVELIST
Nineteen Eighty-Four is a novel that was written by George Orwell in 1948. This book is about what Orwell thought the world might have looked like in the year 1984. It describes a terrifying world where governments control and oversee everyone's lives. The main character is Winston Smith. He lives in a country ruled by a powerful "party" and its leader, Big Brother, and dreams of changing that. He falls in love with Julia, who agrees with him, and is led into a rebellion against the government.
The book is quite famous. Many of its ideas are also very famous. These include Big Brother, Newspeak, Room 101, and Unperson. In 2005, Time (a magazine) named it one of the 100 best English-language novels from 1923 to 2005.
SHORT SUMMARY
1984 by George Orwell
In the year 1984, the world is divided into three large countries that are at endless war with each other: Oceania, Eurasia, and Eustacia. Every country has an authoritarian government, which means that the government tries to control everything that its people do. Great Britain is now named "Airstrip One" and is part of Oceania. Oceania is ruled by a "party." They use "thought police" and "telescreen" (two-way television) to spy on people. People also have to show love for the party and its leader, Big Brother. While pictures of Big Brother are everywhere, he is never seen in reality, and he may not even exist.
Winston Smith is a common member of the party. He is assigned to work for the "Ministry of Truth." When the party wants him, he starts his job of rewriting history. The party kills anyone if it sees them as a threat to hold on to power. People are sometimes killed for reasons that make no sense. When these people are killed, the party hides any sign of their existence. Winston works hard and pretends to love the party very much. His main secret is that he hates the party and dreams of fighting them. Winston buys a diary secretly from a shopkeeper named Mr. Charrington.
He brings his diary and hides in his room. He writes about his secrets on it in his room. He falls in love with a woman whose name is Julia. The Party never allows its members to do this, so both Winston and Julia secretly go to the countryside and meet. Later, they change their meeting location and start meeting in a room in Mr. Charrington's shop. Another person, O'Brien, an important member of the party, reveals his truth to Winston, saying that he hates the party too. One day, both Winston and Julia meet O'Brien at his house, where he provides them with a book. This book is about a variety of rules that show how the party stays in power. It has been said that if the common people rise against it, then the party can be stopped.
Both Winston and Julia are betrayed badly by O'Brien. Winston is taken to the "Ministry of Love," a prison in Oceania. O'Brien informs Winston that he is only pretending to be his friend. Winston is deeply hurt and is asked to stop hating the party and do everything they want him to do. He is asked to do the things according to them, even if he has to say "2 + 2 = 5". O'Brien says that once this is over, Winston will leave the Ministry of Love and return to normal life for a few months or years. Then they will shoot him. But first, they want to pit him against Julia.
Finally, Winston is brought to "Room 101," where he must face the worst fear of his life: rats. As a cage of hungry rats is pushed into his face, Winston tells them, "Do it to Julia!" After leaving the Ministry of Love, Winston meets Julia. He says that he turned against her in Room 101, and she says that she did the same. Winston then sits alone in a cafe. The final words in the story are: "He loved Big Brother."
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1984 by George Orwell
1. Why is the war in 1984 never ending?
Answer:
The war in 1984 is never-ending because the governments use it to control the people, maintain power, and justify their oppressive policies.
2. Why is the photo of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford important?
Answer:
The photo of Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford is important because it symbolizes the Party's ability to alter historical records. The individuals in the photo, Jones, Aaronson, and Rutherford, are erased from history, reinforcing the Party's control over the past.
3. Is Julia a spy working with the Thought Police?
Answer:
No, Julia is not a spy; she rebels against the Party independently, sharing Winston's sentiments. They both resist the Party's control and repression.
4. Can Winston and O’Brien read each other’s minds?
Answer:
No, Winston and O'Brien cannot read each other's minds. O'Brien, initially pretending to support Winston's rebellion, ultimately betrays him.
5. How is Julia’s rebellion against the Party different than Winston’s rebellion?
Answer:
Julia's rebellion is more personal and instinctive, driven by a desire for freedom and pleasure. Winston's rebellion is more intellectual, seeking to understand and overthrow the Party's oppressive ideology.
6. Why is Julia attracted to Winston?
Answer:
Julia is attracted to Winston because he represents a rebellion against the Party, and she sees in him a potential ally in resisting the oppressive regime.
7. Why does O’Brien pretend to be part of the Brotherhood?
Answer:
O'Brien pretends to be part of the Brotherhood to trap Winston and Julia, revealing that the resistance movement they believed in doesn't exist.
8. Where did the book that O’Brien gives to Winston come from?
Answer:
The book O'Brien gives to Winston comes from the Party itself; it's a tool used to deceive Winston into thinking he's part of a rebellion.
9. Why is Newspeak so important?
Answer:
Newspeak is important because it limits language, making rebellious thoughts impossible to express. It restricts freedom of thought by eliminating words that could challenge the Party's ideology.
10. Why does Winston keep a diary?
Answer:
Winston keeps a diary as an act of rebellion and to preserve his individual thoughts, which the Party seeks to control and manipulate.
11. Why does Winston think hope lies with the proles?
Answer:
Winston thinks hope lies with the proles (working class) because they are more numerous and could potentially rebel against the Party's control.
12. How does the Party maintain its power?
Answer:
The Party maintains its power through surveillance, propaganda, censorship, and fear, using the Thought Police to eliminate dissent.
13. Who is Emmanuel Goldstein?
Answer:
Emmanuel Goldstein is a fictional enemy created by the Party to unite citizens against a common foe, diverting attention from the Party's true nature.
14. What is Room 101?
Answer:
Room 101 is a torture chamber where individuals face their worst fears, breaking their spirit and loyalty to the Party.
15. What does the slogan “Ignorance Is Strength” mean?
Answer:
The slogan "Ignorance Is Strength" means that keeping the citizens ignorant and uninformed strengthens the Party's control, as they can manipulate information to suit their agenda.
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