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Marriage as a Social Institution Class 12 Summary | Questions and Answers | Stephen L. Nock | Neb Compulsory English | Neb English Notes
Marriage as a Social Institution by Stephen L. Nock
MAIN SUMMARY
Marriage as a Social Institution by Stephen L. Nock
In the essay "Marriage as a Social Institution", Stephen L. Nock has examined the national marriage debate by reviewing the social and demographic trends that have changed the major role of marriage and the family. According to the essayist, both marriage and parenthood are private matters, relevant only to the individuals who are directly involved.
The essayist thinks that marriage is a relationship that is defined by legal, moral, and conventional assumptions. He considers it an institution because it is culturally patterned and integrated into other basic social institutions such as education, the economy, and politics. He opines that marriage has rules that originate outside any particular union of husband and wife and establish soft boundaries around marriages.
The essayist cites the explanation put forward by Emile Durkheim about the functions of marriage for men. Durkheim believed that modern humans are mainly focused on desires like well-being, comfort, luxury, and prestige in their lives. One of the major problems in modern society is establishing legitimate boundaries around such desires. And this can only be fulfilled by social institutions such as marriage. He further claims that marriage benefits men because marriage is an organ of society that controls their uncontrollable impulses.
The essayist points out the growing number of American people who appear to believe that unmarried cohabitation offers something that marriage doesn't. According to them, unmarried partners have tremendous freedom to decide how they will arrange their relationships. They don't have a pattern to follow and are free from the marriage norms and laws in society.
The essayist believes that marriage is as much a form of capital as any other resource. He believes that it exists in relationships among people. It consists of extensive networks of people who are linked by bonds of trustworthiness. This type of capital is produced in relationships predicted by the belief that obligations will be incurred and repaid. Although the institution of marriage is an individual asset, it is not less important than others.
The essayist defines normative marriage as a form of social control, a way by which behaviours and aspirations are channelled appropriately. The six dimensions that define normative marriage in America are as follows:
Marriages are voluntary.
These relationships are built with maturity.
Marriages are heterosexual.
The husband is the principal earner.
Both partners are sexually faithful. The married partners will become parents.
Normative is a force greater than the individuals involved because it represents the collective sentiments of others.
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ALL ESSAYS IMPORTANT QUESTIONS' SOLUTION PACK
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Marriage as a Social Institution by Stephen L.Nock
BEFORE READING
Answer the following questions.
a. What types of marriages are in practice in your culture?
Answer:
In my culture, arranged marriages are in practice. Most arranged marriages are held following Hindu norms and values.
b. Do you think marriages are different from culture to culture?
Answer:
Yes, I think marriages are different from culture to culture. Each culture has different norms and values regarding marriage.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT
Answer the following questions.
a. According to the author, what is marriage?
Answer:
According to the author, marriage is a relationship defined by legal, moral, and conventional assumptions.
b. How is marriage an institution?
Answer:
Marriage is an institution as it is culturally patterned and integrated into other basic social institutions, such as education, the economy, and politics.
c. What are the rules that a marriage has?
Answer:
A marriage has rules that arise out of a particular union of two spouses and which establish soft boundaries around the relationship affecting the partners.
d. Why does marriage matter to men?
Answer:
Marriage matters to men because it provides structure to their lives, settles their ambitions, and curbs uncontrollable longings and desires.
e. What is one of the central problems in modern society?
Answer:
One of the central problems in modern society is establishing legitimate boundaries around desires such as well-being, comfort, luxury, and prestige.
f. What does social capital consist of?
Answer:
Social capital consists of extensive networks of individuals who are linked by bonds of credibility and trust.
g. What is normative marriage? Explain.
Answer:
Normative marriage is a marriage that is based on established norms and values; for example, the six dimensions that define normative marriage in the United States are: marriage voluntarily by mature, heterosexual adults; husbands are major earners; sexual loyalty of partners; and paternity.
REFERENCE TO THE CONTEXT
a. Discuss six dimensions that define normative marriage in America.
Answer:
Marriage is present everywhere, but the concept of marriage differs from place to place. Every society has its own norms and values regarding marriage. Whatever the case, it gives two adults of different genders the legal right to live as life partners, fulfilling each other's wishes. Every marriage everywhere follows norms and patterns; the same is the case in the USA. The patterned marriage known as normative marriage follows six dimensions in America. They are:
1. Marriage is a free personal choice based on love.
2. Maturity is a presumed requirement for marriage.
3. Marriage is a heterosexual relationship.
4. The husband is the head and principal earner in a marriage.
5. Sexual fidelity (faithfulness) and monogamy are expectations for marriage.
6. Marriage typically involves children.
b. Do marriages differ according to culture? How is your marriage practice different from marriage in America?
Answer:
Yes, marriages differ according to culture. The practices of marriage differ from place to place. These differences can be seen not only across the country, but there are varieties within the country as well. Even in our country, the marriage practices of one geographical location differ from others. However, most people in Nepal perform the marriage ceremony according to the Hindu religion. For us, marriage is a social, spiritual, cultural, and legal union between a man and a woman as husband and wife. It is also the establishment of ties between two families. Here are some of the norms and values to be followed in the marriage ceremony.
Marriage is taken as a religious sacrament rather than a social contract. It is a socially accepted union of a mature man and a woman whose purpose is to procure, enjoy, and comply with certain social obligations. A party from the side of the girl and the other party of the boy is the pre-wedding occasion called engagement. The to-be partners exchange a ring and garland with each other. The ceremony is sanctioned by a family priest, who recites mantras and performs rituals. The date of marriage is fixed on that day.
Our wedding practice is different from marriage in America. We follow Hindu tradition, and Christian tradition is followed in the USA. The marriage ceremony takes place in a religious building called a church, in which a religious leader performs the ceremony. The bride and groom pledge their love and commitment to each other with vows provided by the church. The father of the church asks the guests if they know any reason why the couple should not get married. If no one minds, the couple exchange rings, which symbolise their never-ending love and commitment to each other. In public, for the first time, the couple pronounces each other to the spouses with their first kiss. Our marriage ceremonies are held in religious places. During the time of marriage, both the bride and groom have to follow various rites. Both bride and groom have to hear sacred mantras and take oaths for their fine companionship.
REFERENCE BEYOND THE TEXT
a. Write an essay on the marriage practice in your own culture.
Answer:
Marriage Practice in My Own Culture
By marriage, we mean a union of two or more people that creates a family tie and carries legal, social, and/or religious rights and responsibilities.
Marriage is much more than the fulfilment of a bonded sexual desire by two adult individuals of different sexes. The concept of marriage is changing day by day. Relationships that were previously considered taboo are accepted today; for example, our society now allows transgender marriages.
In our societies, we find different types of marriages and their existence. We find marriages such as monogamy, in which a person is allowed to have only one spouse; serial monogamy, in which one spouse remarries the second after the death or divorce of the first spouse; polygamy, in which a person has multiple husbands and wives; polyandry, in which a wife has multiple husbands; intermarriage within a group; and exogamy, in which marriage occurs in another group.
In my case, I belong to Hinduism. In our religion, we have our own norms and values for marriage. It is taken as a religious sacrament rather than a social contract. It is a socially accepted union of a mature man and a woman whose purpose is to procure, enjoy, and comply with certain social obligations. A party from the side of the girl and the other party of the boy is the pre-wedding occasion called engagement. The to-be partners exchange a ring and garland with each other. The ceremony is sanctioned by a family priest, who recites mantras and performs rituals. The date of marriage is fixed on that day.
b. Is marriage a social institution? Discuss.
Answer:
Yes, marriage is a social institution. We can find a very clear definition of marriage from any sociologist. The definition of marriage differs from person to person.
It is generally defined as a legal union between two people of different sexes with a personal relationship, residential cohabitation, economic cooperation, the formation of a nuclear family bearing children, and the fulfilment of sexual needs.
It is taken as an institution as it follows established laws, practices, norms, and traditions that are important for society. People legally form such entities to meet their needs from different people, places, and things.
People of different genders fulfil their needs and desires by being accepted in society by following social norms and values. Marriage is a universal event.
The practice of marriage has been going on in every country, every society, and every tribe since the beginning of human civilization. It is permanent and lasts forever until the end of human civilization.
The concept of marriage is dynamic, as the arrangement of marriage in the past is not the same as in the present.
Child marriage was accepted in the olden days. But it is not accepted at present. At present, widows get married easily, which was rare earlier. Transgender marriage is also currently legal. Transgender marriage is also legal; it gives legal rights like birth certificates and citizenship certification to the children born to the married couple. It is also accepted by religion, law, and other social institutions.
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