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Unit 13 Class 10 English
Population and Migration 》A Century of World Population Trends: 1950 to 2050
Exercise & Grammar
Unit 13 Class 10 English: Population and Migration
Reading l
Answer these questions.
a. What is the population of Nepal as per the population census, 2078 B.S.?
Answer:
The population of Nepal as per the population census, 2078 B.S is 2,91,64,578.
b. What are the factors that influence the population change in a country?
Answer:
The factors that influence the population change in a country are as follows.
▪︎ Birth rate
▪︎ Death rate
▪︎ Poverty
▪︎ Illiteracy
▪︎ Religious and social beliefs
▪︎ Growing internal migration
A Century of World Population Trends: 1950 to 2050
A. Match the following words with their correct meanings.
a. populous 》v. having a large population: densely populated
b. mortality 》vii. the number of deaths in a particular situation or period of time
c. projection 》 iii. an estimation of what figures will be in the future
d. demographic 》ii. relating to the population and different groups within it
e. peak 》ix. to reach the highest point ar value
f. stabilization 》iv. the process of making somebody/ something unlikely to change
g. trajectory 》i. a path followed by something
h. surpass 》vi. to be greater than something; exceed
i. disparate 》viii. completely dissimilar
B. Complete the following sentences with the correct information from the text.
a. The highest population growth rate in the past hundred years was ..................
》2.1 percent
b. Population growth rate is likely to reach ........... by mid-twenty first century.
》1 percent
c. The factors that determine the growth rate of world population are ................
》fertility and mortality
d. In the early 2020s Eastern and South-Eastern Asia had ..................... population.
》the largest
e. The population of sub-Saharan region is likely to reach ............... by the end of 2040s.
》above 2 billion
f. The low level of fertility will cause a fall in population size of Europe and Northern America by .........................
》the late 2030s
g. India is likely to exceed the population of China by ........................
》2023
C. Answer these questions.
a. What was the size of the world population in the mid-twentieth century?
Answer:
In the mid-twentieth century, the size of the world population was 5 billion.
b. What was the fastest population growth rate in the past century?
Answer:
In the past century, the fastest population growth rate was around 2.1 percent per year.
c. Why has the population growth rate declined in the recent years?
Answer:
The population growth rate has declined in recent years because of low levels of fertility levels.
d. What is the predicted world population size by 2050?
Answer:
By 2050, the predicted world population size is 9.7 billion.
e. How do fertility and mortality contribute to the size of the population?
Answer:
Fertility and mortality are the two most important factors that contribute to the size of a population. When we talk about fertility, we understand the number of births, but when we talk about mortality, we understand the number of deaths. When the birth rate exceeds the death rate, the population size will increase, while when the death rate exceeds the birth rate, the population size will decrease. Therefore, the growth or decline of a population largely depends on both fertility and death rates.
f. Which countries contribute to the largest population in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia?
Answer:
The countries such as China and India contribute to the largest population in Eastern and South-Eastern Asia, with each having more than 1.4 billion people in 2022.
g. Why will population regions have a different population variation in the next 30 years?
Answer:
Population regions will have different population variations in the next 30 years because of various factors such as government policies related to population control, varying fertility rates, mortality rates and migration patterns.
h. Which countries are most likely to contribute to the growth of world population by 2050?
Answer:
By 2050, countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Egypt, Ethiopia, India, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines and the United Republic of Tanzania are most likely to contribute to the growth of the world.
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ADVERTISEMENT/ VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT SET 1 TO 23 (IMPORTANT FOR SEE PREPARATION)
D. Do you think the world population will increase as projected in the text? Discuss.
Answer:
I think there is no certainty, especially in the matter of population. The population of the world can't be projected with certainty as it can be influenced by various factors.
Nobody can be sure about the future's accuracy. Population depends on various factors such as fertility rates, mortality rates, medical advancements, policies of the government, awareness of people etc. Thus, the projections regarding population can't be done with accuracy.
Pronunciation
The sound /r/ remains silent while pronouncing the word 'world'. Pronounce the following words correctly and write them in the right column.
furthermore fertility growth uncertain future experience comparable zero distribution birth concentrated
Pronounced with /r/ sound 》growth, experience, comparable, zero, distribution, concentrated
Pronounced without /r/ sound 》furthermore, fertility, future, birth, uncertain,
Speaking
What do the following figure and chart illustrate? Interprete them to your friends.
a. First aid for an unconscious person
Answer:
The following figure and chart illustrate mouth to mouth resuscitation technique which is done as a first aid treatment for an unconscious person.
In case of an accident or if someone loses consciousness, we have to follow the following steps to provide artificial breathing to the patient.
1. We have to lay the patient making the lower part of the body slightly up. We should keep the head of the patient a bit back, make the neck and trachea straight, extend the neck and raise the chin.
2. We have to clear the airway (remove the things from the mouth and neck)
3. We have to open the mouth of the patient with the chin up with one hand, and close the nostril with the thumb and index finger of another hand. We should blow the mouth of the patient by joining mouth to mouth so that the chest of the patient should be expanded with air. We should breathe mouth to mouth once in 3-4 seconds. Let the wind come out after the blow. Continue this process till the patient breathe own self.
4. If the patient's heart has stopped, perform CPR with chest compressions as well as mouth-to-mouth. Perform 30 chest compressions.
Then transfer the patient to health institutions as far as possible.
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IMPORTANT SHORT STORIES SETS (IMPORTANT FOR SEE PREPARATION)
Grammar I
Match the sentence halves and make meaningful sentences.
a. We continued the match 》v. although it was raining heavily.
b. Dolma was selected for the post 》vii. even though she had no prior experience for the job.
c. Christina attended the class 》viii. despite the fact that she was not feeling well.
d. I often leave home quite late, 》i. however, I always reach my office on time.
e. Chintamani never participates in social functions 》iii. despite looking very sociable.
f. It was snowing heavily, 》ii. yet it was not too cold.
g. He did not give up smoking 》ix. in spite of the warnings of the doctor.
h. I have never been to Bandipur 》iv. though it is not far from my home.
i. We were lost in the town 》vi. although we had the map of the town with us.
B. Complete the sentences below in a suitable way. Use the connectives of contradiction where necessary.
a. Although I had not seen him before, I got quick idea about him.
b. Even though it was snowing outside, we played for an hour.
c. In spite of his hard work, they fired him from the job.
d. Despite her sickness, Sarmistha gave a good speech at the function.
e. Inspite of her absence in the language class, she spoke excellent French.
f. I had not eaten anything since last evening although I was heavily starved.
g. Inspite of our regular practice, we were not qualified for the final match.
h. We didn't find table for our lunch even though the restaurant was not very popular.
i. Although I was fully prepared, I could only attempt half of the questions.
j. Despite of our cordial welcome, she was not pleased with us at all.
Writing I
Study the graph and chart below and write an interpretation of each of them.
a. Nepali Student Migration
Answer:
Nepali Student Migration
This is a bar chart of Nepali student migration for their academic purposes in foreign countries. This bar diagram shows the migration of Nepali students over ten years, from the academic years 2009/ 2010 to 2018/2019.
In the year 2009/10, 26948 students migrated to foreign countries for their academic purposes. In the following year, the number of migrating students dropped in a very surprising way. About 15000 students decreased in their numbers in comparison to earlier year. The number of students again decreased by 1654 the next year. But the rise in the number was seen in the following years continuously. From 2013/14 to 2018/19, there was a subsequent increase seen in their numbers. Every year the number of migrating students increased dramatically. More students seemed interested in seeking their academic life in foreign countries. Talking about the academic years from 2016/17 to 2018/19, the number of students migrating unexpectedly exceeded. The bar shows over 50000 students migrated to foreign lands in those years.
This bar diagram has shown the rise in the interest of Nepali students in abroad studies. Students seemed much more interested in getting an education from abroad. The increase in their numbers has shown the chances of more migrations in the upcoming years.
b. Distribution of Population of Kathmandu Metropolitan in Terms of Languages (Based on the population census of 2011)
Answer:
Distribution of Population of Kathmandu Metropolitan in Terms of Languages (Based on the population census of 2011)
This is a pie chart of the distribution of the population of Kathmandu Metropolitan in terms of languages. It shows the distribution of the population of Kathmandu Metropolitan in terms of different languages, based on the population census of 2011. Here in this pie chart, we can see the linguistic diversity of Kathmandu Metropolitan.
The Nepali language is at number one in the list in the presented Pie Chat. The Nepali language is widely spoken by the people in the Kathmandu metropolis. The Nepali language has a prominent place because it is the language spoken by most of the speakers there. The Nepali language is spoken by 597,570 people in the population. On the second number, we find the Newari language. 185,330 speakers in Kathmandu use the Newari language in their daily life.
In third place, the Tamang language is used by speakers in Kathmandu. 54,109 speakers use this language in their daily life. Maithili language speakers have taken their place in the fourth. The number of speakers of the Maithili language in Kathmandu is 27,521.
Talking about Hindi, Bhojpuri, Gurung and Magar languages, we find speakers of these languages too in the following orders. In Kathmandu, 17,608 people speak the Hindi language, 15,621 people speak the Bhojpuri language, 11,963 people speak the Gurung language and 11,309 people speak the Magar language. Pie chart data shows, the languages of 44,239 people in the category of "others".
Overall, the pie chart shows that, despite Nepali being the common language, the population of Kathmandu Metropolitan City has a rich linguistic diversity. The existence of different languages reflects the cultural and ethnic diversity of the place.
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PART TWO 》DISCOVERING MIGRATION: WHAT BIRDS REVEAL | EXERCISE & GRAMMAR | NEB ENGLISH NOTES
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