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Unit 5 Class 10 English
Science and Experiment 》Yes, You Can Boil Water at Room TemperatureExercise & Grammar
Unit 5 Class 10 English: Science and Experiment
Reading I
Yes, You Can Boil Water at Room Temperature
A. Find the words from the text that have the following meanings.
a. the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level
》altitude
b. a group of atoms bonded together
》molecules
c. a state in which opposing forces are balanced
》equilibrium
d. to change from a gas or vapour to a liquid
》condense
e. a piece of unreliable information that is repeatad so often that it is accepted as the fact
》factoid
f. a space or container from which the air has been removed
》vacuum
g. a device that is used to remove blockages from the drain of a basin or tub
》plunger
B. Complete the sentences with the correct words or phrases from the text.
a. Water bubbles breakdown if vapour ........... inside and out-side the bubbles is equal.
》pressure
b. As the altitude goes up. the boiling point of water .................
》decreases
c. Random motion of molecules or particles is called ..............
》thermal motion
d. If the door does not open. try .............. the key in the lock.
》pushing
e. Certain chemicals can ......... undesirable changes in the nervous system.
》induce
C. Answer these questions.
a. What is the speed of the water particles compared with?
Answer:
The speed of the water particles isn't all the same. It is compared with the height of a group of adult humans.
b. How are bubbles formed in the boiling water?
Answer:
Bubbles are formed in boiling water when water molecules push back other water molecules in the liquid phase. These bubbles are made of water vapour with the help of temperature and vapour pressure.
c. Mention two things on which external pressure depends.
Answer:
The two things on which external pressure depends are as follows.
1. The depth of water
2. The density of water.
d. How is the atmosphere related to the pressure of water?
Answer:
The atmosphere is related to the pressure of water as it contributes to the pressure in the liquid.
e. What would happen if the atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased?
Answer:
If the atmospheric pressure on the liquid water was decreased, the pressure in the liquid would also decrease.
f. What would the experimenter gain if s/he pulled the plunger out?
Answer:
If the experimenter pulls the plunger out, s/he would gain less pressure in the liquid and induce boiling.
D. What would happen on the Earth if there were no gravity? Discuss possibilites with your friends.
Answer:
If there were no gravity on Earth, all the living and non-living beings in the entire Earth would start floating in space. There would be no possibility of any force holding these items to the earth. All these beings would be weightless and would float in space unless they were anchored down. The atmosphere would disperse and the oceans would float into space. Life on this planet would be more challenging as well as impossible without gravity.
Pronunciation
Pronounce the following pairs of words after vour teacher. Write S for the same and D for the different pronunciations.
so sow 》S
sale sell 》D
get gate 》D
hair heir 》D
just jest 》D
sale sail 》S
said sad 》D
beer bear 》S
maid made 》S
mail male 》S
tail tale 》S
tell tail 》D
rear rare 》D
sheer share 》S
here hare 》D
met mate 》D
Speaking
A. Read and act out the following conversations.
Conversation I
Deshika: Who do you think will win the race?
Salomi: I think Punam will.
Shristi: Yes, if she runs faster, she will surpass them all.
Conversation II
Sirjana: Why do you think I have to study hard?
Kritika: Because if you study hard, you will get better results.
Manoj: Yes, if you get good results, you can get a scholarship.
B. Work in pairs. Have similar conversations in the situations given below.
a. eat too much/gain weight/get lazy
b. rain this evening/stay at home/keep in touch with parents
c. keep on heating/water changes into vapour/dries up
d. not stop smoking/get cancer/die early
B. Work in pairs. Have conversations using the following clues as in the example.
Example:
If you were a food, what food would you be?
Nima: If you were a food item, what item would you be?
Prava: Well If I were a food item, I would be an apple.
Nima: Why's that?
Prava: Because If one ate an apple a day, he would keep doctors away. And people in the world would be healthy.
a. What laws would you abolish if you could?
b. Which planet would you like to go if you were given an offer?
c. Why wouldn't you open windows?
d. Why would you water plants?
e. Why would you study law?
Answer:
a. What laws would you abolish if you could?
Ram: If you were given power, what laws would you like to abolish at first?
Shyam: If I were given power, I would abolish the laws of injustice against all women.
Ram: Why's that?
Shyam: It is because if women got justice, they would also perform well for the development of the nation. They would even bring unprecedented progress to the country.
b. Which planet would you like to go if you were given an offer?
Hari: If you were given an offer to go to the planet, which planet would you prefer to go to?
Som: If I were given an offer to go to the planet, I would prefer to go to Jupiter.
Hari: Why's that?
Som: It is because Jupiter is the largest planet. If anybody reached there, he/she would be the King of the world.
c. Why wouldn't you open windows?
John: Why wouldn't you open windows?
Jenny: If I opened windows, all the dirt would come inside.
John: Why's that?
Jenny: It is because vehicles are running fast just outside.
d. Why would you water plants?
Hari: Why would you water plants?
Rami: If I didn't water plants, they would die.
Hari: Why's that?
Rami: It's because water is so essential for living beings. Plants would grow faster if they got proper water in time.
e. Why would you study law?
Hem: Why would you study law?
Sam: if I didn't study law, I wouldn't fight against injustice.
Hem: Why's that?
Sam: It is because injustice is prevalent everywhere. I don't like it.
D. Why do water and vegetable oil not mix?
Answer:
Water and vegetable oil do not mix because of their different chemical composition. Vegetable oil is nonpolar while water is polar. This indicates that they tend to separate into two distinct layers when mixed and are unable to form a homogenous aggregate.
Grammar I
A. Match the clauses in column A with their appropriate continuation in column B.
Column A Column B
a. If you go to Taplejung 》iii. you can see the Pathibhara temple.
b. You will get well soon 》 i. if you follow the doctor's advice.
c. The horse won't kick you 》 ii. unless you go behind it.
d. If I were you vi. 》I would see a doctor.
e. What happens 》iv. if you heat water?
f. I would miss the bus 》v. if I did not reach the bus stop on time.
g. Provided that they discussed properly 》 viii. the problem might be well solved.
h. As long as they communicate 》 vii. they won't have any misunderstanding.
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ADVERTISEMENT/ VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT SET 1 TO 23 ( IMPORTANT FOR SEE PREPARATION)
B. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.
a. If it is cold, I ................ (wear) a coat.
》shall wear
b. If Purna helps with the housework, his mother .........(have) more time for him.
》will have
c. If I were a bird, I........... (make) a good observation of the land below.
》could make
d. If I .............. (go) to Mustang. I would visit Muktinath.
》went
e. If I ............ (be) a billionaire. I would buy a castle.
》were
f. You'd save petrol if you ........... (drive) more carefully.
》drove
g. Say hello if you ............. (see) her.
》see
h. Provided that you ......... [consent], I will take a few days’ leave next week.
》consent
i. Take care of the pence, the pounds ............ (take) care of themselves.
》take
Reading ll
Answer the following questions.
a. What do you think the man in the picture is doing?
Answer:
I think the man in the picture is enjoying the natural sound of rain.
b. Do you like the sound of rain?
Answer:
Yes, I do.
The Voice of the Rain
Answer:
Column A Column B
a. eternal 》vii. never-ending
b. impalpable 》v. not easily understood
c. vaguely 》ii. unclearly
d. descend 》 i. come down
e. lave 》 vi. to pour out as water
f. atomies 》 iii. indivisible particles
g. teck 》iv. take care of
B. Fill in the blanks choosing the words given below.
impalpable recks globe drought beautify latent
a. The river ran dry during the .............
》drought
b. It is still ........... to understand how the earth originated.
》impalpable
c. The company produces a wide variety of make up and skin care products designed to gently and effectively ......... human skin.
》beautify
d. His greatest ambition is to sail around the ...................
》globe
e. Without training. his musical talent remained .............
》latent
f. What ........ it whether they win or lose?
》recks
C. Complete the summary of the poem using suitable words or phrases given below.
quenches rhythm mysterious heal atomies
condensation ascends showers originality
The poem is a conversation between the poet and the rain. When the poet asks the identity of the drizzle, she replies that she is the poem of the Earth. The rain expresses that it gives happiness to mother Earth.
The rain is a perpetual process which has different forms at different times. It rises from the land as water vapour and ascends high up to the sky. It takes the form of clouds. Though it changes its form or shape, its orginality remains unchanged. It shows that nature is not fully understood. Some parts of it always remain mysterious.
The raindrops pour down from above to wash away atomies and dust layers. It quenches the thirst of the dry Earth and heals everything that is becoming lifeless. In other words, the showers make the Earth pure and beautiful.
Finally, the poet observes that the life of rain is similar to that of a song. A song also has a power to calm, heal, transform and thrill. In the same way, repeated evaporation and condensation purifies the rain. It beautifies the whole earth as a rhythm does to a poem or a music.
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IMPORTANT SHORT STORIES SETS (IMPORTANT FOR SEE PREPARATION)
D. Answer the following questions.
a. What are the two voices in the poem? Who do they belong to?
Answer:
The two voices in the poem are the speaker's voice and the rain's. They belong to the earth.
b. How is the cycle movement of the rain shown in the poem?
Answer:
The cycling movement of the rain is shown in the poem by outlining the stages of this cycle, including how water vapour from land and sea rises into the sky, where it condenses in clouds before returning to Earth as rain to wash away dust and quench the Earth's thirst.
c. Why are the showers necessary for the Earth?
Answer:
The showers are necessary for the earth because they provide hydration to plants and animals, wash away dirt and contaminants, and contribute to the cleaning and beautification of the earth.
d. How are the rain and music similar?
Answer:
The rain and music are similar as both of them possess the ability to calm, heal, transform, and mesmerize. They also have a rhythm.
e. How are the clouds formed?
Answer:
The clouds are formed by the water vapour that rises from the earth in the form of gas and then cools and condenses in the atmosphere.
f. List the pairs of opposite words in the poem.
Answer:
rise/descend
rain/drought
day/night
reck'd/unreck'd (recked/unrecked)
E. What may happen on the Earth if it does not rain for a long time? Discuss in a group.
Answer:
If it does not rain for a long time, several negative consequences may occur on this planet. These consequences affect both the Earth and life on this planet.
1. The long-time lack of rainfall leads to drought. Due to the lack of rainfall, the soil turns dry, crops fail to grow and water sources also deplete.
2. Due to the lack of rainfall, the crops are unable to grow. There will be a lack of food production. This will lead to the shortages of food items and the prices of food items will rise higher. Lack of food items will lead to the potential famine in extreme cases.
3. Due to the lack of rainfall, people will have to face the scarcity of water. Rivers, lakes and groundwater levels will drop. This will bring a kind of great problem for all the living beings who depend on water. If the sources of water will dry, it will affect various sectors. People will have to live a miserable life without sanitation and agriculture.
4. Due to the lack of rainfall, there is much chance of wildfires. Dry vegetation is susceptible to fires. It will increase the risk of wildfires. This can destroy ecosystems and property.
5. Due to the lack of rainfall, the ecosystems will be affected severely. Many plants and animals depend on regular rainfall. Long time Long-timecan cause species to die out or migrate. This condition will surely disrupt ecosystems.
6. There will be seen economic impact everywhere if the rainfall isn't seen for a long time. Both agriculture and industries rely on water sources. If there is a lack of water, the production of essential things will decrease. There will be a significant loss. This condition will affect both economies and livelihoods.
7. In severe cases, a continuous lack of rain can turn fertile land into deserts. This will lead to global warming and long-term environmental damage.
Listening
D. Why do water and vegetable oil not mix? Talk to your friends.
Answer:
Water and vegetable oil do not mix because of their different chemical composition. Vegetable oil is nonpolar while water is polar. This indicates that they tend to separate into two distinct layers when mixed and are unable to form a homogenous aggregate.
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IMPORTANT ESSAYS SET ( IMPORTANT FOR SEE PREPARATION)
Grammar ll
A. Complete the following sentences using the correct form of verbs in brackets.
a. If Gaurab were the captain, the team ...... (play) better.
》would play
b. I ........ (call) you had I known you were in Nepal.
》would have called
c. If he .......... (not/come ) to Nepal. he would not have seen Mt. Everest.
》had not come
d. Had you arrived a bit earlier, you ...... (see) Manashi.
》would have seen
e. We could slow down global warming if we .......... (reduce) energy consumption.
》reduced
f. If he were to see me, he .......... (know) me at once.
》would know
g. Were Rijisa in the USA. she ......... (be) working for a company.
》would be
h. How would you feel if someone ......... (ask) you for an autograph?
》asked
i. What ............ (you/do) if Keshab had proposed you for marriage?
》would you have done
j. If I .................. (have) a life jacket, I could certainly swim across the river.
》had
B. Complete the following sentences with appropriate clauses.
a. If you don't leave soon .....................
》you will get into a trouble.
b. If it rains in winter, ................
》It will be much difficult to live here.
c. ................... as long as you tell the truth.
》You won't have to be afraid
e. A country cannot develop unless ....................
》people become united.
f. ........................ if they insult you?
》You have to leave the class
Writing ll
A. Study the following letter to the editor of a national daily complaining about the shortage of water in Kathmandu.
Koteshwor, Kathmandu
19 May 2022
The Editor.
The Rising Nepal
Dharmapath, Kathmandu
Dear Sir,
Through this letter I would like to draw the attention of the concerned authorities to the pressing problem of water scarcity in our locality. The residents have heen facing water scarcity for a long time. If this goes on unchecked, people are likely to fight with each other for some trickles of water.
The water tank cannot hold enough water to cater for the needs of the residents. Despite this situation, the residents are not conserving water. Most of them are wasting water while bathing, washing clothes and utensils and gardening.
In this context, I have some suggestions to offer to solve the problem immediately. I request you to call a general meeting of the residents to discuss the issue. It would be much better if we may take the help of local cable TV and community radio to spread the message of conserving water among the residents of our locality.
The residents should be sensitized to conserve water while bathing, cooking, washing clothes and utensils. If we organize a door to door campaign, it is sure to make the residents aware of the need for conserving water.
Water conservation experts may be invited to make us aware of various methods and technologies available to conserve water. We should encourage the practice of reusing water among the residents.
Had we gone for rain water harvesting techniques only, it would certainly have lessened the crisis to some extent.
Finally. I hope that some immediate steps will be taken to address the issue.
Thanking You
Yours truly,
Rujuna Manandhar
B. Write a letter of complaint to the concerned authority about the unmanaged garbage in your locality. Mention the hazards of unmanaged garbage to public health and suggest some measures fo solve the problem.
Answer:
To the Chairperson
Tekanpur-6 Ward
Sindhupalchok (Nepal)
Subject: Need for Immediate Consideration of the Problem of Garbage in Our Locality
Respected Sir,
My name is Hari Bohara. I’m a student in class ten. I’m a native of this village. I was born in Tekanpur in the year 2053 BS. Today I’m writing this piece of letter to inform you about the problems which are faced by the people of this village. The problems of unmanaged garbage have created great tension among the people of my village. The condition of our village is quite worse. The people of this village are facing a lot of trouble due to this pollution everywhere. The garbage management team of our village needs immediate replacement. The garbage management team seems useless here in our village. They are so careless in their daily tasks. The garbage in the roads, nooks and corners etc. aren’t properly managed. There is no proper step by the ward to solve this problem. We are quite worried about the upcoming rainy season. Due to this unmanaged garbage everywhere, people are suffering from varieties of airborne diseases. If this garbage management isn't done properly, varieties of hazards will be seen among the public of our village. I would like to suggest some measures to manage this randomly thrown garbage.
▪︎ A dedicated team of garbage management should be formed as soon as possible.
▪︎ Garbage should be separated according to its nature.
▪︎ Awareness programs should be conducted for the public regarding garbage management, pollution and its impacts.
▪ A fixed area of dumping should be selected.
▪︎ Various medical tools should be distributed among the public.
I would like to urge once again that you should pay attention towards people’s difficulties. The poor condition of our village needs immediate improvement in the matter of garbage management. We are quite hopeful towards you.
Yours faithful,
Hari Bohara
Extra Bit
Words often confused
1. accept /except /expect
accept (verb): to receive
I accepted all my birthday gifts with gratitude.
except (conjunction): apart from: otherwise than; were it not true
When Suni travels, she packs everything except the kitchen sink.
expect (verb): to hope /to wait
I expect that they will win the match.
2. affect/effect
affect (verb): to have an effect on: inflnence; produce a change in: to stir the emotions
The dog's death affected his owners.
effect (noun): to create or to cause/ to be implemented
The new principal is trying to bring positive effect in her students.
3. borrow/lend
borrow (verb): to take or accept something for a short time with the intention of returning it to its rightful owner
May I borrow a pencil. please?
lend (verb): to give something for a short time with the intention of getting it back
Would you please lend me a pencil?
4. breath/breathe
breath (noun): air taken into the lungs and then let out
Take a deep breath.
breathe (verb): to inhale and exhale
Just calm down and breathe.
5. complement/compliment
complement (noun): that which completes or brings to
perfection: (verb): to make complete
Red wine is a nice complement to a steak dinner.
compliment (noun): something said in admiration, praise,
or
flattery: (verb): to pay a compliment to: congratulate
She gave me a nice compliment when she said I looked thin.
6. lose/loose
lose (verb): to become unable to find; to mislay; to fail to win or gain
Did you lose your glasses again?
loose (adjective): not tight: siving enough room
I've lost twenty pounds, and now these jeans are really looses.
7. principal/principle
principal (noun): a governing or presiding officer. specifically of a schoal (adjective) - first in rank. authority, importance, degree, etc.
The student's parents had to have a meeting with the principal.
principle (noun): a fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or motivating force, upon which others are based.
The student's parents thought that they had instilled stronger moral principles in their son.
8. stationary/ stationery
stationary (adjective): not moving or not movable; fixed or still
I rode the stationary bike at the gym for an hour.
stationery (noun): writing materials; specifically, paper and envelopes used for letters
My grandmother has given me a lot of stationery over the years. I think she wants me to use if to write her.
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UNIT 6 CLASS 10 ENGLISH: FOOD AND CUISINE | EXERCISE & GRAMMAR | NEB ENGLISH NOTES
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